Techniques from Empathic Listening

Techniques form Critical Listening

Avoid Interrupting.

Focus on Strategies and Assertions.

Avoid Judgmental Responses.

Are Major Premises Acceptable?

Listen for Multiple Meanings.

Are Premises Relevant?

Verbalize Your Interpretation.

Do Premises Adequately Support Conclusion?

Facilitate Continual Reinterpretation.

Distinguish among Fact, Value, and Policy Based Claims

Facts CAN be Settled Empirically

Values CANNOT be Settled Empirically

Policy Proposes that some Agent SHOULD Undertake a Course of Action

SKILLS

Paraphrasing

      Avoid Rote Repetition

      Use Supportive Probes

Summarizing

      Main Points

      Omit Supporting Detail and Illustration

Analyzing

      Examine relationships within statement

      Identify Fact, Value, Policy Issues

      Identify and Evaluate Assumptions